The Piazza del Popolo, looking west from the Pincio.
Steps lead from the Piazza del Popolo to the Pincio to the east.
The entrance of the Tridente from Piazza del Popolo, defined by the "twin" churches of Santa Maria in Montesanto (left) and Santa Maria dei Miracoli (right). The Via del Corso starts between the two churches.The Piazza del Popolo is one of the most famous places, especially for foreigners, in Rome. The name in Italian means "piazza of the people", but historically it derives from the poplars (pioppo)after which the church of Santa Maria del Popolo, to the north of the square, takes its name. The Piazza lies inside the northern gate of the Aurelian Walls, once the Porta Flaminia. This was the the starting point of the Via Flaminia, the road to Ariminum (modern Rimini) and the most important route to the north of Ancient Rome. The layout of the piazza today was designed in neoclassical style between 1811 and 1822 by the architect Giuseppe Valadier, who demolished some buildings to form two semicircles, reminiscent of Bernini's plan for St. Peter's Square, replacing the original cramped trapezoidal square centered on the Via Flaminia. An Egyptian obelisk of Rameses II from Heliopolis stands in the centre of the Piazza.An Egyptian obelisk of Rameses II from Heliopolis stands in the centre of the Piazza. The obelisk, known as the obelisk Flaminio, is the second oldest and one of the tallest in Rome (some 24 m high, or 36 m including its plinth), and was brought to Rome in 10 BC by order of Augustus and originally set up in the Circus Maximus. It was re-erected in the Piazza by the architect-engineer Domenico Fontana in 1589 as part of the urban plan of Sixtus V. The Piazza also formerly contained a central fountain, which was moved to the Piazza Nicosia in 1818, when fountains in the form of Egyptian-style lions were added around the base of the obelisk. Looking from the north, three streets branch out from the Piazza, forming the so-called "trident" (il Tridente): the Via del Corso in the centre, the Via del Babuino on the left (opened in 1525 as the Via Paolina) and the Via di Ripetta (opened by Leo X in 1518 as the Via Leonina) on the right. Twin churches (the chiese gemelle) of Santa Maria dei Miracoli (1681) and Santa Maria in Montesanto (1679), begun by Carlo Rainaldi and completed by Bernini and Carlo Fontana, define the junctions of the roads. Close scrutiny of the twin churches reveals that they are not mere copies of one another, as they would have been in a Neoclassical project, but varying their details, offering variety within their symmetrical balance in Baroque fashion.
To the south, the central Via del Corso follows the course of the Ancient Roman Via Flaminia, coming from the Capitol and the forum. The Via Flaminia became known as the Via Lata in the Middle Ages, before becoming today's Via del Corso and leads to the Piazza Venezia. The Via di Ripetta leads past the Mausoleum of Augustus to the Tiber, where the Porto di Ripetta was located until the late 19th century. Today, the road crosses the Tibur by bridge, and continues to the Vatican City. The Via del Babuino ("Baboo"), linking to Piazza di Spagna, takes its name from a Silenus sculpture whose unpleasantness gained it the popular name of an ape.
To the north of the Piazza lie the Porta del Popolo and the Santa Maria del Popolo. The Porta del Popolo was reconstructed to the current appearance by Pope Alexander VII in 1655, to welcome Queen Christina of Sweden to Rome after her conversion to Roman Catholicism and abdication. It was designed by Bernini: whereas such festive structures elsewhere were built of weather-resistant plaster, in Rome the structure was more permanently executed in stone. Opposite Santa Maria del Popolo stands a Carabinieri station, with a dome reflecting that of the church. A fountain stands on the each side of the Piazza to the east and west. Steps from the Piazza to the east lead up beside a waterfall to the Pincio park, near the Villa Borghese. For centuries, the Piazza del Popolo was a place for public executions, the last of which took place in 1826. Until quite recently, the Piazza del Popolo was choked with traffic in a sea of car parking; today, these have been swept away.